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Vitamin A deficiency protects against E coli
Quote from
ZJ on February 9, 2019, 12:54 pm
Retinoid Levels Influence Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Infection and Shiga Toxin 2 Susceptibility in Mice
https://iai.asm.org/content/82/9/3948
ABSTRACT
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a food-borne pathogen that produces Shiga toxin (Stx) and causes hemorrhagic colitis. Under some circumstances, Stx produced within the intestinal tract enters the bloodstream, leading to systemic complications that may cause the potentially fatal hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Although retinoids like vitamin A (VA) and retinoic acid (RA) are beneficial to gut integrity and the immune system, the effect of VA supplementation on gastrointestinal infections of different etiologies has been controversial. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the influence of different VA status on the outcome of an EHEC intestinal infection in mice. We report that VA deficiency worsened the intestinal damage during EHEC infection but simultaneously improved survival. Since death is associated mainly with Stx toxicity, Stx was intravenously inoculated to analyze whether retinoid levels affect Stx susceptibility. Interestingly, while VA-deficient (VA-D) mice were resistant to a lethal dose of Stx2, RA-supplemented mice were more susceptible to it. Given that peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) are known to potentiate Stx2 toxicity, we studied the influence of retinoid levels on the absolute number and function of PMNs. We found that VA-D mice had decreased PMN numbers and a diminished capacity to produce reactive oxygen species, while RA supplementation had the opposite effect. These results are in line with the well-known function of retinoids in maintaining the homeostasis of the gut but support the idea that they have a proinflammatory effect by acting, in part, on the PMN population.
Retinoid Levels Influence Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Infection and Shiga Toxin 2 Susceptibility in Mice
https://iai.asm.org/content/82/9/3948
ABSTRACT
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a food-borne pathogen that produces Shiga toxin (Stx) and causes hemorrhagic colitis. Under some circumstances, Stx produced within the intestinal tract enters the bloodstream, leading to systemic complications that may cause the potentially fatal hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Although retinoids like vitamin A (VA) and retinoic acid (RA) are beneficial to gut integrity and the immune system, the effect of VA supplementation on gastrointestinal infections of different etiologies has been controversial. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the influence of different VA status on the outcome of an EHEC intestinal infection in mice. We report that VA deficiency worsened the intestinal damage during EHEC infection but simultaneously improved survival. Since death is associated mainly with Stx toxicity, Stx was intravenously inoculated to analyze whether retinoid levels affect Stx susceptibility. Interestingly, while VA-deficient (VA-D) mice were resistant to a lethal dose of Stx2, RA-supplemented mice were more susceptible to it. Given that peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) are known to potentiate Stx2 toxicity, we studied the influence of retinoid levels on the absolute number and function of PMNs. We found that VA-D mice had decreased PMN numbers and a diminished capacity to produce reactive oxygen species, while RA supplementation had the opposite effect. These results are in line with the well-known function of retinoids in maintaining the homeostasis of the gut but support the idea that they have a proinflammatory effect by acting, in part, on the PMN population.
Doublecapricorn has reacted to this post.
Zac - I was going back over the patent you found, and was thinking about the ease of taking L-methionine for additional retinoid control. But the more I read on PubMed about it, I kept coming across papers like this one, about Methioninase.
Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1866:311-322. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8796-2_24.
Afterword: Oral Methioninase-Answer to Cancer and Fountain of Youth?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30725426
Have you looked into the subject?
Zac - I was going back over the patent you found, and was thinking about the ease of taking L-methionine for additional retinoid control. But the more I read on PubMed about it, I kept coming across papers like this one, about Methioninase.
Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1866:311-322. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8796-2_24.
Afterword: Oral Methioninase-Answer to Cancer and Fountain of Youth?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30725426
Have you looked into the subject?
Quote from
ZJ on February 9, 2019, 6:46 pm
John-I haven't looked into it too deeply but I've seen a lot of conflicting information about the benefits/drawbacks of methionine. For our purposes I wouldn't be too concerned about taking it as it would likely only be for a short time. That being said I don't know that it's necessary to take a supplement if you're eating a decent amount of meat.
John-I haven't looked into it too deeply but I've seen a lot of conflicting information about the benefits/drawbacks of methionine. For our purposes I wouldn't be too concerned about taking it as it would likely only be for a short time. That being said I don't know that it's necessary to take a supplement if you're eating a decent amount of meat.
Quote from Guest on February 12, 2019, 3:22 pm
Great perspective Zac, thanks.
I may have something you're looking for. I was reading one of the 180Health blogs and I'm thinking you posted that you were looking for a way to balance minerals. I've had a little Mineral Testing Kit I bought from Ed and Patricia Kane's company, BodyBio. I used it a few weeks ago and it was an interesting experience. There are 7 taste responses involved in determining one's mineral status of Potassium, Zinc, Magnesium, Copper, Chromium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, and Iodine. I like Ed's approach in stressing that learning what one doesn't need can be as important as what one does. Basically, you have a tall bottle of a "taste solution" (that you can refresh as it's depleted) and smaller bottles of the minerals themselves (for supplementing and refreshing the "taste solution"). Just thought I'd put that out there if you're still looking at that subject.
I've got a running Word doc of your comments from those various blogs. They're always well written and useful.
John
Great perspective Zac, thanks.
I may have something you're looking for. I was reading one of the 180Health blogs and I'm thinking you posted that you were looking for a way to balance minerals. I've had a little Mineral Testing Kit I bought from Ed and Patricia Kane's company, BodyBio. I used it a few weeks ago and it was an interesting experience. There are 7 taste responses involved in determining one's mineral status of Potassium, Zinc, Magnesium, Copper, Chromium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, and Iodine. I like Ed's approach in stressing that learning what one doesn't need can be as important as what one does. Basically, you have a tall bottle of a "taste solution" (that you can refresh as it's depleted) and smaller bottles of the minerals themselves (for supplementing and refreshing the "taste solution"). Just thought I'd put that out there if you're still looking at that subject.
I've got a running Word doc of your comments from those various blogs. They're always well written and useful.
John
Quote from
puddleduck on February 14, 2019, 11:57 pm
@zac Resistant to a lethal dose? That’s wild! 😮
@zac Resistant to a lethal dose? That’s wild! 😮
Quote from Guest on February 15, 2019, 4:33 am
Apologize for interrupting the thread Zac. That’s a really interesting paper you found. It’s not that often they admit the toxicity side of the equation. Like this snip:
“Although VA supplementation is beneficial in most cases of severe malnutrition, results concerning VA treatment of diarrheas of different etiologies have been controversial (27, 28). These inconsistencies support the notion that retinoid supplementation could be positive, negative, or neutral, depending on the pathogenic mechanisms involved (2, 28). The conflicting results concerning VA supplementation are not restricted to its effect on diarrhea.”
“It has been reported that retinoid supplementation can be deleterious through exacerbation of the inflammatory response by affecting the maturation and function of neutrophils (29–32).”
John
Apologize for interrupting the thread Zac. That’s a really interesting paper you found. It’s not that often they admit the toxicity side of the equation. Like this snip:
“Although VA supplementation is beneficial in most cases of severe malnutrition, results concerning VA treatment of diarrheas of different etiologies have been controversial (27, 28). These inconsistencies support the notion that retinoid supplementation could be positive, negative, or neutral, depending on the pathogenic mechanisms involved (2, 28). The conflicting results concerning VA supplementation are not restricted to its effect on diarrhea.”
“It has been reported that retinoid supplementation can be deleterious through exacerbation of the inflammatory response by affecting the maturation and function of neutrophils (29–32).”
John
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