Quote from Guest on January 11, 2019, 7:54 pm

Here is the breakdown of cissus

PHYTOCHEMISTRY

Phytochemical studies of Cissus quadrangularis have shown the presence of various versatile

constituents such as flavanoids, triterpenoids, Vitamin C, stilbene derivatives and many others, e.g.

resveratrol,piceatannol, pallidol perthenocissin and phytosterols. Out of which ascorbic acid,

triterpene, β-sitosterol, ketosteroid, two asymmetrical tetracyclic triterpenoids and calcium were

identified as major constituents of this plant. The Cissus quadrangularis contains high amount of

Carotene A, anabolic steroidal substances and Calcium. The plant contains ascorbic acid, 479 mg and carotene, 267 mg per 100 g freshly prepared paste, in addition to calcium oxalate. The stem of the

plant contains two asymmetric tetracyclic triterpenoids, onocer – 7 ene 3 α, 21 β diol (C30H52O2

m.p.200 – 202 °C) and onocer - 7 ene – 3 β, 21 α diol (C30H52O2, m.p. 233 – 234 °C). It also

contains two steroidal principles –1. C27H45 O, melting point 249-252 °C

2. C23H41 O, melting point 136-138 °C

Presence of β-sitosterol (Fig.3), δ amyrin and δ- amyrone is also reported. The aerial parts of Cissus

quadrangularis is found to contain a new asymmetric tetracyclic triterpenoid, 7-Oxo-Onocer-8-ene-3

β 21 α diol (C30H50O3, m.p. 235-237 °C). Seven new compounds are also reported which are 4-

hydroxy 2 methyl-tricos-2 ene -22- one, 9-methyloctadec- 9-ene, heptadecyl-octadecanoate,

icosanylicosanoate, 31-methyl tritiacontan-1-ol, 7- hydroxy- 20- oxo- docosanyl cyclohexane and 31-

methyl tritiacontanoic acid. Small amount of taraxeryl acetate, friedelan-3-one, taraxerol and

isopentacosanoic acid is also present. Presence of 3, 3’, 4, 4’-tetrahydroxybiphenyl is also reported.

Analysis of the air-dried Cissus quadrangularis plant reported to contain moisture 13.1, protein 12.8,

wax 1.0, fiber 15.6, carbohydrate 36.6, mucilage and pectin 1.2 and ash 18.2%. The root powder also

contain a rich source of mineral elements (mg/100g dry matter): potassium 67.5, calcium 39.5, zinc

3.0, sodium 22.5, iron 7.5, lead 3.5, cadmium 0.25, copper 0.5 and magnesium 1.15 Analysis of the

toxicants also revealed the presence of oxalate, tannin, phytate, saponin contents (135, 0.3, 20, 0.16

mg/100g of dry matter) respectively. The ash formed from the Cissus quadrangularis contains mostly

carbonates and to a smaller extent phosphates of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium.

Presence of potassium tartarate is also reported. The Cissus quadrangularis stem is also reported to

contain a water-soluble glycoside, which produces a fall in blood pressure in anaesthetized cats. Fresh

stems of Cissus quadrangularis produces irritating action on the skin, which may be attributed to the

presence of calcium oxalate and 31 methyl tritiacontanoic acid along with taraxeryl acetate, taraxerol

and iso-pentacosanoic acid. Recently three new stilbene derivatives, quadrangularins A, B and C were

isolated from Cissus quadrangularis together with resveratrol, piceatannol, pallidol and

parthenocissine A. The stem extract of Cissus quadrangularis plant contains a high percentage of

calcium ions (4% by weight) and phosphorous. Recently a study has been undertaken which showed

that the plant extract when reacted with CO2, leads to formation of calcite crystals of highly irregular

morphology, indicating that bioorganic molecules present in the extract modulate the crystal

morphology.