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Copper and zinc metabolism
A Hypothesis for the Possible Role of Zinc in the Immunological Pathways Related to COVID-19 Infection
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7365859/
Nutritional immunity is a process by which the host organism sequesters trace minerals during an infection so that their availability to pathogens is limited (1). During infection and inflammation, there is a transient transfer of zinc from serum to the organs, causing temporarily low serum zinc levels, which normalize during resolution of the inflammatory response (6, 7). Thus, a sufficient level of zinc is essential during responses to infection. Zinc signals act in an anti-inflammatory manner during sepsis by regulating the pro-inflammatory response, due to cellular uptake of zinc by ZIP14 as shown in a polymicrobial model of sepsis in mice (68). Zinc deficiency was strongly associated with an elevated risk of exaggerated inflammation and mortality due to sepsis in a murine model (69).
Also, zinc deficiency has been linked to a loss of taste and smell, symptoms recently attributed to infection by this virus (79, 80). In our opinion, this could be a consequence of a transient acute zinc deficiency produced during infection. Zinc deficiency may diminish protein synthesis in taste bud cells, reduce alkaline phosphatase activity in taste buds, alter a zinc-containing salivary protein, block the taste pore region of the taste bud or lead to central nervous system dysfunction (81).
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15518423/
Conclusion: The statistical significant elevated serum Cu and Zn concentration observed during the course of infectious mononucleosis and after clinical symptoms regression in comparison to healthy persons expressed the perturbation of trace elements homeostasis. If copper to zinc ratio reflects myeloproliferative diseases activity, the practical value for infectious mononucleosis monitoring is the same as copper and zinc serum level measurement.
https://europepmc.org/article/med/11984945
The significant increase of serum Cu level in comparison with the control values was found both in the acute phase of hepatitis B and the early convalescence. It could be observed a correlation between serum Cu level and the course of hepatitis viralis acuta B.
Serum zinc levels and its association with vitamin A levels among tuberculosis patients
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3961917/
One-third of the total human population is infected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
[..]
There was a strong correlation between serum zinc and vitamin A levels (r = 0.86, P < 0.01) [Figure 1]. Hb (r = 0.61, P < 0.01) and serum albumin levels (r = 0.87, P < 0.01) were also strongly correlated with the vitamin A levels; however, WBC (r = −0.60, P < 0.01) and ESR (r = −0.79, P < 0.01) were negatively correlated with the vitamin A levels [Table 2].
...
In the present study, a total of 208 TB patients were assessed for their status of zinc level and its association with vitamin A level. The serum zinc and vitamin A levels among the patients were 9.60 (±0.86) μmol/l and 0.77 (±0.22) μmol/l respectively. However, Hb, WBC, ESR and serum albumin were 10.02 (±1.33) g/dl, 10076.01 (±1822.67) cell/mm3, 14.50 (±2.95) mm/h and 3.40 (±0.32) g/dl respectively. A study from Rwanda reported vitamin A deficiency among adults with TB. Concentration of vitamin A was found lower in TB patients than controls; however, in an Indian study, the low vitamin A levels observed in TB patients returned to normal at the end of anti-tuberculosis treatment without vitamin A supplementation...
[..]
The results of this study also raise the possibility that zinc deficiency may indirectly influence the metabolism of other nutrients in men via reduction of the levels of circulating proteins. One example, already extensively investigated in animals and to a lesser degree in men, is the role of zinc deficiency on vitamin A metabolism, mainly through its effect on retinol binding protein. A variety of other nutrients, which rely on transport proteins, such as iron and transferrin, may have their metabolism altered by severe zinc deficiency with decreased nutrients being transported for organ utilization..
A copper bullet for tuberculosis
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/10/181004100012.htm
Human macrophages infected with Mycobacteria also use copper to attack the bacteria, but they do so in a less sophisticated way. They trap the bacteria in a bubble and then inject copper +1 ions -- that is, plain copper atoms with a plus one charge (Cu+) -- into the bubble. But the Mycobacteria can handle that. To them, the bubble is a safe haven, and the Cu+ ions are mere annoyances. The bacteria can steal an extra electron from the Cu+ to make it Cu2+. The copper becomes unreactive and safe that way. And when enough Cu2+ surrounds the Mycobacteria, other, more dangerous kinds of copper can't get close.
I "accidentally" bumped up my copper intake to 4mg a day for couple of days and the amount of anxiety, spaciness and racing mind it gives me is crazy.. Can't relax, wake up in 2 am like its middle of the day, overwhelmed for no reason, can't even finish 10 minute youtube video(I will open another 20 windows during that time) etc.. That's how strong minerals are.. LOL
I get the similar response when I try antibiotics (minocycline, clindamycin, bactrim, etc).
can't even finish 10 minute youtube video(I will open another 20 windows during that time)
Lol, have the same stuff but with google tabs. 😀 - inability to concentrate, urge to switch, etc...
Probably we are both chronically infected with some germs - I have to try copper by myself(will report the results).
Copper hits bacteria even in phagosomes(as intracellular antibiotic):
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3712485/figure/F3/
^^^
Possible mechanisms for antimicrobial effects of copper within macrophages include: (1) direct toxicity through Fenton chemistry within phagosomes; (2) vesicular accumulation which may contribute to oxidative stress over a slow time course (e.g. mitochondrial ROS production); and (3) indirect effect via the GPI-anchored form of the copper-containing ferroxidase CP, which promotes FPN1-dependent iron export and thus starves intracellular bacteria of this essential element.
@rockarolla dying of some bacteria, viruses or whatever feels completely different than copper toxicity. I would get herx reaction like gut issues, bloating, gas, diarrhea and/or flu like symptoms.. But high copper in the blood feels exactly how I described it.. This happens to girls on estrogen pills and vegans as well. They go crazy and high copper is the main cause of that.. Carnivores who have zinc heavy diet low in copper are complete opposite. They are almost too calm and emotionally numb.. That's why balance is the key.. I fucked up myself by taking steroids without antiestrogens. I need to keep copper low and keep dumping the excess..
Effect of vitamin C on copper and iron metabolism in the guinea pig
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7429759/
Although interaction of vitamin C, copper and iron have been studied in several species, little is known about these interactions in species which require the vitamin in the diet. Young male Hartley guinea pigs were fed a basal diet, or a basal diet and supplemented daily with vitamin C, p.o. Pharmacologic doses (25 mg per 100 g BW per day) of vitamin C resulted in two-to-three-fold decreases in liver copper, when compared with those receiving normal (0.5 mg per 100 g BW per day) intakes. Under conditions of vitamin C deficiency, serum copper and ceruloplasmin were elevated along with liver copper. Serum and hepatic iron levels, hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5, and blood heme parameters all appeared to be directly related to vitamin C intake, i.e. the iron and heme parameters increased as the vitamin dose increased. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that interaction between vitamin C, copper and iron influence normal heme formation through the oxidation/reduction of iron and/or by regulating iron absorption and availability at the gut level.
@rockarolla yeah make sense. Too much vit C(20+g for me 93kg) will chelate copper and vit C deficiency you will accumulate copper in the liver.. "normal intake" they say 0.5mg per 100g which is like 450mg a day for me. So I will stay around 500mg a day.. Btw you can see it in people that promote high dose vit C how it wokrs.. They look copper deficienct. They have almost no melanin(white hair, pale skin) and look like shit also probably from high iron. So oxidative stress is high..
BTW, body recycles vitC if needed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1343533/
There are definitely downsides to supplementing but while one is detoxifying retinoic acid I think the benefits of low dose supplementation outweigh the downsides.
Once one has finished depleting vA I doubt there is much benefit to getting much more than the RDA of vitamin C.
@rockarolla Yeah only about 10 mg is needed per day to prevent scurvy.
They say this only occurs from high dose intravenous vitamin C but it must occur to a certain extent from oral supplementation too.
Why high-dose vitamin C kills cancer cells
Low levels of catalase enzyme make cancer cells vulnerable to high-dose vitamin C
Cancer researchers have homed in on how high-dose vitamin C kills cancer cells. Vitamin C breaks down to generate hydrogen peroxide, which can damage tissue and DNA. The new study shows that tumor cells with low levels of catalase enzyme activity are much less capable of removing hydrogen peroxide than normal cells, and are more susceptible to damage and death when they are exposed to high doses of vitamin C.
@tim-2 Well that is how human body kills all kinds of bacteria, viruses etc.. By pumping some hydrogen peroxide right? That is the reason why you feel so bad when you are sick.. That is reaction of healthy body. Like kids are sick all the time. They get some bugs and because the body is strong and have good immune system the body will kill them with hydrogen peroxide, high body temperature, white blood cells.. But people with bad immune system and bad oxidant/anti oxidant balance will not get sick when they catch some bugs.. Because hydrogen peroxide causes huge oxidative stress and the body in bad shape can't handle that much oxidative stress so there is no fever and all the symptoms when the body is dealing with something.. Person like this will get more and more saturated with all kinds of viruses, bacteria, fungus. They think that they have strong immune system and that they are super healthy because they were not sick for many years, but in fact it's the opposite.. Their immune system is fucked and people like that end up with cancer or something like that... I would say more than 50% of people are in this stage when they are older.. With vit C you are right. We know that in high doses is acting like PRO oxidant not antioxidant. So it is basically like ozone therapy.. So the worst thing that you can do is to take every day high dose vit C.. You should take it only for short time when you think that something is attacking you..